Modulated sources are commonly used to model actuators of control systems. They are the most common and convenient way for converting signal variables to bondgraphic variables, thereby allowing individual blocks of a block diagram, e.g. describing a control system, to be modeled internally using bond graphs.
The effort source has its causality stroke away from the source.
Potential variables: e: Bondgraphic effort variable f: Bondgraphic flow variable, normalized positive for flows out of the model e0: Effort to be generated (modulated input signal)
Equations:
e = e0