modelDistributionCondensatePipe

Model of a steam distribution network using fixed resistance pipe model for condensate returns

Extends from Buildings.DHC.Networks.BaseClasses.PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium (Partial model for a two-pipe distribution network with two medium declarations).

Information

This is a model of a distribution network for steam heating systems. The model utilizes a split-medium approach with two separate medium declarations between liquid (condensate return) and vapor (steam supply) states. The piping network features:

  • a connection model with fixed hydraulic resistance and no heat loss in the condensate return pipe segments;
  • a dummy pipe model with no hydraulic resistance and no heat loss for the steam supply pipes; and
  • a dummy pipe model with no hydraulic resistance and no heat loss for the end of the distribution line (after the last connection).

References

Kathryn Hinkelman, Saranya Anbarasu, Michael Wetter, Antoine Gautier, Wangda Zuo. 2022. “A Fast and Accurate Modeling Approach for Water and Steam Thermodynamics with Practical Applications in District Heating System Simulation,” Energy, 254(A), pp. 124227. 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124227

Kathryn Hinkelman, Saranya Anbarasu, Michael Wetter, Antoine Gautier, Baptiste Ravache, Wangda Zuo 2022. “Towards Open-Source Modelica Models For Steam-Based District Heating Systems.” Proc. of the 1st International Workshop On Open Source Modelling And Simulation Of Energy Systems (OSMSES 2022), Aachen, German, April 4-5, 2022. 10.1109/OSMSES54027.2022.9769121

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Booleanshow_heaFlo (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)falseSet to true to output the heat flow rate transferred to each connected load
Realn2Flow exponent, n=1 for laminar, n=2 for turbulent
General
IntegernCon (from PartialDistribution2Medium)Number of connections
Assumptions
BooleanallowFlowReversal (from PartialDistribution2Medium)false= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction (port_a -> port_b)
General › Nominal condition
Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRatemDis_flow_nominal (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)Nominal mass flow rate in the distribution line before the first connection
Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate[nCon]mCon_flow_nominal (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)Nominal mass flow rate in each connection line
Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRatemEnd_flow_nominal (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)mDis_flow_nominal - sum(mCon_flow_nominal)Nominal mass flow rate in the end of the distribution line
Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate[nCon]mDisCon_flow_nominal (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)cat(1, {mDis_flow_nominal}, {mDis_flow_nominal - sum(mCon_flow_nominal[1:i]) for i in 1:(nCon - 1)})Nominal mass flow rate in the distribution line before each connection
Dynamics › Equations
Modelica.Fluid.Types.DynamicsenergyDynamics (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitialType of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state
Dynamics › Nominal condition
Modelica.Units.SI.Timetau (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)10Time constant at nominal flow for dynamic energy and momentum balance
Nominal condition
Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifferencedp_nominalPressure drop at nominal mass flow rate

Connectors

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPorts_a[nCon]ports_aCon (from PartialDistribution2Medium)Connection return ports
Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPorts_b[nCon]ports_bCon (from PartialDistribution2Medium)Connection supply ports
Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_aport_aDisSup (from PartialDistribution2Medium)Distribution supply inlet port
Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_bport_bDisSup (from PartialDistribution2Medium)Distribution supply outlet port
Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_bport_bDisRet (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)Distribution return outlet port
Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_aport_aDisRet (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)Distribution return inlet port

Components

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Buildings.DHC.Networks.BaseClasses.PartialConnection2Pipe2Medium[nCon]con (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)
Model_pipDispipEnd (from PartialDistribution2Pipe2Medium)Pipe representing the end of the distribution line (after last connection)

Revisions

  • September 15, 2023, by Kathryn Hinkelman:
    Updated publication references.
  • March 2, 2022, by Kathryn Hinkelman:
    First implementation.