Longwave radiation between the surface and environment is determined as as derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann law wherefore the Stefan-Boltzmann constant [Mohr 2008], the longwave emissivity of the exterior surface, the radiant-interchange configuration factor between the surface and sky [Hamilton 1952], and the surface and the environment respectively and and are the exterior surface and sky temperature respectively. Shortwave solar irradiation absorbed by the exterior surface is determined as where is the shortwave absorption of the surface and the total irradiation on the depicted surface.