modelRollingResistance

Resistance of a rolling wheel

Extends from Modelica.Mechanics.Translational.Interfaces.PartialForce (Partial model of a force acting at the flange (accelerates the flange)).

Information

Simplified model of the resistance of a rolling wheel, dependent on vertical wheel load (due to gravity, i.e. static only), inclination and rolling resistance coefficient:

flange.f = Cr * fWeight * cos(alpha)

The rolling resistance coefficient Cr is either constant (given by the parameter CrConstant) or prescribed by the input cr.

The inclination is either constant (parameter inclinationConstant) or prescribed by the input inclination. This corresponds to the road rise over running distance of 100 m which, in general, is written as a percentage and is equal to tan(α). For example for a road rising by 10 m over 100 m the grade = 10 % and, thus, the inclination is 0.1. Positive inclination means driving uphill, negative inclination means driving downhill, in case of positive vehicle velocity.

Note

The rolling resistance is independent of velocity here, but changes its direction with the direction of velocity. To avoid numerical problems around zero velocity, the rolling resistance is regularized accordingly within [-v0, v0]. Therefore static friction at vehicle's standstill is not taken into account.

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
BooleanuseSupport (from PartialElementaryOneFlangeAndSupport2)false= true, if support flange enabled, otherwise implicitly grounded
SI.ForcefWeightWheel load due to gravity
BooleanuseCrInputfalseEnable signal input for Cr
RealCrConstant0.01Constant rolling resistance coefficient
BooleanuseInclinationInputfalseEnable signal input for inclination
RealinclinationConstant0Constant inclination = tan(angle)
Modelica.Blocks.Types.RegularizationregModelica.Blocks.Types.Regularization.ExpType of regularization
SI.Velocityv00.1Regularization below v0

Connectors

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Flange_bflange (from PartialElementaryOneFlangeAndSupport2)Flange of component
Supportsupport (from PartialElementaryOneFlangeAndSupport2)Support/housing of component
Blocks.Interfaces.RealInputinclinationinclination_internalInclination=tan(angle)
Blocks.Interfaces.RealInputcrCr_internalRolling resistance coefficient

Components

TypeNameDefaultDescription
SI.Lengths (from PartialElementaryOneFlangeAndSupport2)Distance between flange and support (= flange.s - support.s)
SI.Forcef (from PartialForce)Accelerating force acting at flange (= flange.f)
SI.VelocityvVelocity of flange with respect to support (= der(s))
SI.Forcef_nominalNominal rolling resistance without regularization