| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Basic throttle body equations | |
| Dynamics of the intake manifold | |
| Discrete control of crankshaft speed by throttle actuation | |
| Integrates the air mass flow into a cylinder. After the charge for one cylinder is complete, resets the mass to 0 | |
| Accounts for the induction-to-power stroke lag | |
| Internal combustion engine |