modelEmpiricalTurbine
Extends from OpenHPL.ElectroMech.BaseClasses.TorqueEquation, OpenHPL.Interfaces.TurbineContacts (Model of turbine connectors), Interfaces.TwoContacts (Model of two connectors), OpenHPL.Icons.Turbine (Turbine icon).
Information
Simplified empirical turbine model for single-regulated reaction turbine (Francis and propeller turbine). The turbine is specified by giving the nominal head H_n and nominal power P_n. All remaining values are determined from empirical relations. The throttling effect of high head Francis turbines is included in the model. However, the exact characteristics should be treated with caution and will need more empirical tuning in future releases. In particular the speed rise and runaway curve is not fully validated.
Figure 1: Example of throttling effect for a high head Francis unit. Discharge as function of speed [pu].
Figure 2: Variation of turbine characteristics as function of head of the turbine characteristics. Discharge as function of speed [pu].
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI.Frequency | f_nom (from TorqueEquation) | data.f_grid/(p/2) | Nominal mechanical rotational frequency |
| Nominal values | |||
| SI.Height | H_n | 100 | Nominal net head |
| SI.Power | P_n | 1000000 | Nominal power |
| Mechanical | |||
| Boolean | useH (from TorqueEquation) | false | If checked, calculate the inertia from a given H value |
| SI.Power | Pmax (from TorqueEquation) | 100e6 | Maximum rated power (for torque limiting and H calculation) |
| SI.Time | H (from TorqueEquation) | 2.75 | Inertia constant H, typical 2s (high-head hydro) to 6s (gas or low-head hydro) production units |
| SI.MomentOfInertia | J (from TorqueEquation) | 2e5 | Moment of inertia of the unit (GD2/4) |
| Integer | p (from TorqueEquation) | 12 | Number of poles for mechanical speed calculation (Not pole pairs!) |
| SI.Power | Ploss (from TorqueEquation) | 0 | Friction losses of the unit at nominal speed |
| Initialization | |||
| SI.PerUnit | f_0 (from TorqueEquation) | 1 | Initial speed of the unit |
| Boolean | enable_nomSpeed (from TorqueEquation) | false | If checked, unit runs at fixed speed f_0 |
| Boolean | fixed_iniSpeed (from TorqueEquation) | false | If checked, unit initialises with fixed speed. When connecting several units mechanically only one can be fixed. |
| I/O › Inputs | |||
| Boolean | enable_f_in (from TorqueEquation) | false | If checked, get a connector for speed input |
| I/O › Outputs | |||
| Boolean | enable_w (from TorqueEquation) | false | If checked, get a connector for angular velocity output |
| Boolean | enable_f (from TorqueEquation) | false | If checked, get a connector for speed output |
| Boolean | enable_P_out (from TurbineContacts) | false | If checked, get a connector for the output power |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput | f (from TorqueEquation) | Speed output of the unit [pu] | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput | w (from TorqueEquation) | Mechanical angular velocity output of the unit [rad/s] | |
| Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Interfaces.Flange_b | flange (from TorqueEquation) | Flange of right shaft | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput | f_in (from TorqueEquation) | Speed input of the unit [pu] | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput | u_t (from TurbineContacts) | [Guide vane|nozzle] opening of the turbine(=1: completely open, =0: completely closed) | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput | P_out (from TurbineContacts) | Mechanical Output power | |
| Contact_i | i (from TwoContacts) | Inlet contact (positive design flow direction is from i to o) | |
| Contact_o | o (from TwoContacts) | Outlet contact (positive design flow direction is from i to o) |