The u_xx block computes the second-order space derivative. By using the Newton-Gregory backward polynomial we
obtain
where h = xi+1 - xi (for i = 0,..., n-1). We assume here that the grid points are spaced equally.
If we wish a second-order central difference approximation, we need to fit the polynomial through the three points
xi-1, xi, xi+1. This means to write the polynomial for example around the point xi+1 and drop the higher-oder terms to obtain
and finally, to evaluate the second-order space derivative around the point xi we need to set s = -1 to get
The second-order central difference scheme is implemented in u_xxCD2B2 block.
By following the same approach we can compute the fourth-order central difference scheme. This time we need more
terms in the polynomial
and so we obtain
for the boundary points we use a biased formula and we obtain
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