.Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.N.N01BB10

Information

Levobupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that is the S(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine. It is used for regional anesthesia including epidural, caudal, and peripheral nerve block, as well as infiltration anesthesia in surgical, obstetric, and pain management procedures. It is approved and widely used today due to a lower risk of cardiotoxicity than racemic bupivacaine.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetic parameters reported in healthy adult volunteers after intravenous administration.

References

1. Olofsen, E, et al., & Dahan, A (2008). Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology 109(4) 664–674. DOI:10.1097/01.anes.0000334302.50559.c9 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18813046

2. Mossetti, V, et al., & Ivani, G (2012). Local anesthetis and adjuvants in pediatric regional anesthesia. Current drug targets 13(7) 952–960. DOI:10.2174/138945012800675713 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512395

Revisions

• 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)