.Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.N.N02AF01_1 .Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.N.N02AF01_1| name: | Butorphanol_1 | |
| ATC code: | N02AF01_1 | route: | intranasal |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 2 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 280 | L |
| clearance: | 9.4 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid analgesic used for the management of moderate to severe pain, including pain associated with surgery, migraine, and cancer. It acts primarily as an agonist-antagonist at opioid receptors (agonist at kappa and partial agonist/antagonist at mu receptors). Butorphanol is approved and currently used in both human and veterinary medicine, with formulations available for intravenous, intramuscular, and nasal administration.
Pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adults following intranasal administration.