modelR01AC03
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | Azelastine | |
| ATC code: | R01AC03 | route: | intranasal |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 0.56 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 14.5 | L |
| clearance: | 0.5 | L/h/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Azelastine is a second-generation antihistamine used primarily as a nasal spray or eye drop for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis. It works by selectively antagonizing histamine H1 receptors, thereby reducing allergy symptoms. Azelastine is approved and in clinical use today.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported in healthy adult volunteers after intranasal administration.
References
Wolthers, OD (2013). New patents of fixed combinations of nasal antihistamines and corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis. Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery 7(3) 223–228. DOI:10.2174/1872213x113079990019 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23862774
Simons, FE, & Simons, KJ (1999). Clinical pharmacology of new histamine H1 receptor antagonists. Clinical pharmacokinetics 36(5) 329–352. DOI:10.2165/00003088-199936050-00003 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10384858
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)