modelR01AX02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Retinol | |
| ATC code: | R01AX02 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 5000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.0 | L |
| clearance: | 0.8 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Retinol, also known as vitamin A1, is an essential fat-soluble vitamin important for vision, immune system function, and cellular growth and differentiation. It is not typically used as a drug for direct treatment but is provided as a nutritional supplement to prevent or treat vitamin A deficiency. It is not classified as an approved prescription medicine for specific diseases in most regulatory systems.
Pharmacokinetics
No published studies reporting specific pharmacokinetic parameters for retinol administered as a drug with ATC code R01AX02 (nasal use). Estimates are based on general oral or parenteral supplementation data for retinol in healthy adults.
References
Haskell, MJ, et al., & Brown, KH (2003). Population-based plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate among preschool-aged, Peruvian children. The American journal of clinical nutrition 77(3) 681–686. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/77.3.681 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12600861
Lopez-Teros, V, et al., & Astiazaran-Garcia, H (2020). The "Super-Child" Approach Is Applied To Estimate Retinol Kinetics and Vitamin A Total Body Stores in Mexican Preschoolers. The Journal of nutrition 150(6) 1644–1651. DOI:10.1093/jn/nxaa048 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135013
Kelly, P, et al., & Farthing, MJ (2001). Impaired bioavailability of vitamin A in adults and children with persistent diarrhoea in Zambia. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15(7) 973–979. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01021.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11421872
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)