modelR01BA03
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Phenylephrine | |
| ATC code: | R01BA03 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 10 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 340 | L |
| clearance: | 169 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist primarily used as a decongestant in the treatment of nasal congestion and hypotension. It is commonly used in over-the-counter cold and allergy medications and as a vasopressor to increase blood pressure in clinical settings. Phenylephrine is approved for use in many countries and is widely available.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult volunteers after oral administration.
References
Atkinson, HC, et al., & Anderson, BJ (2015). Potential cardiovascular adverse events when phenylephrine is combined with paracetamol: simulation and narrative review. European journal of clinical pharmacology 71(8) 931–938. DOI:10.1007/s00228-015-1876-1 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26022219
Atkinson, HC, et al., & Anderson, BJ (2015). Increased bioavailability of phenylephrine by co-administration of acetaminophen: results of four open-label, crossover pharmacokinetic trials in healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology 71(2) 151–158. DOI:10.1007/s00228-014-1788-5 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25475358
Vincent, J, et al., & Reid, JL (1986). Racial differences in drug responses--a comparative study of trimazosin and alpha 1-adrenoceptor responses in normotensive Caucasians and West Africans. British journal of clinical pharmacology 21(4) 401–408. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05214.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3011048
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)