modelR02AD05
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Ambroxol | |
| ATC code: | R02AD05 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 30 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 55 | L |
| clearance: | 66 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Ambroxol is a mucolytic agent used to facilitate the clearance of mucus from the respiratory tract. It is commonly prescribed to treat acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract associated with viscid or excessive mucus. Ambroxol is widely approved and used in clinical practice, especially in Europe and Asia.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult volunteers after oral administration.
References
Ni, Y, et al., & Fan, J (2016). Bioequivalence assessment of ambroxol orally-disintegrating tablet after a single oral-dose administration to healthy volunteers. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 54(5) 399–404. DOI:10.5414/CP202527 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27007998
Wang, Y, et al., & Ding, L (2018). Investigation of a potential drug-drug interaction between salbutamol and ambroxol and bioequivalence of a new fixed-dose combination containing these two drugs in healthy Chinese subjects. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 56(5) 247–254. DOI:10.5414/CP203188 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29595123
Villacampa, J, et al., & Rosete, R (2003). Pharmacokinetic properties of single-dose loratadine and ambroxol alone and combined in tablet formulations in healthy men. Clinical therapeutics 25(8) 2225–2232. DOI:10.1016/s0149-2918(03)80215-1 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14512130
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)