modelR03AC12
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | Salmeterol | |
| ATC code: | R03AC12 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 50 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 3800 | L |
| clearance: | 1250 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator for the maintenance treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids for asthma and as monotherapy or combination in COPD. Salmeterol is currently approved and widely used for these indications.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported in healthy adult volunteers following inhalation administration.
References
Soulele, K, et al., & Karalis, V (2015). Population pharmacokinetics of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol using two different dry powder inhalers. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 80 33–42. DOI:10.1016/j.ejps.2015.08.009 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26296862
Li, S, et al., & Gobburu, JVS (2024). Pharmacokinetic Models for Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate to Quantify Batch-to-Batch Variability. The AAPS journal 26(3) 56–None. DOI:10.1208/s12248-024-00913-x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38671158
Xu, J, et al., & Derendorf, H (2010). Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled ciclesonide and fluticasone propionate in patients with persistent asthma. Journal of clinical pharmacology 50(10) 1118–1127. DOI:10.1177/0091270009354994 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20150524
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)