modelR03AL02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | SalbutamolAndIpratropiumBromide | |
| ATC code: | R03AL02 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 2.5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 156 | L |
| clearance: | 23.4 | L/h (salbutamol) |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Fixed-dose combination of salbutamol (a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist) and ipratropium bromide (a short-acting muscarinic antagonist) used primarily as a bronchodilator in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sometimes asthma. The combination is approved and widely used today in inhalation formulations for rapid symptomatic relief.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for typical adult population, based on published PK data for separate components (inhaled salbutamol, inhaled ipratropium bromide); no published population PK studies available for the fixed combination product.
References
MacGregor, TR, et al., & Wood, CC (2016). Efficiency of Ipratropium Bromide and Albuterol Deposition in the Lung Delivered via a Soft Mist Inhaler or Chlorofluorocarbon Metered-Dose Inhaler. Clinical and translational science 9(2) 105–113. DOI:10.1111/cts.12387 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26945929
Antoniu, S (2014). Bedoradrine for treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 23(8) 1149–1156. DOI:10.1517/13543784.2014.928284 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24938936
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)