modelR03AL04
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | IndacaterolAndGlycopyrroniumBromide | |
| ATC code: | R03AL04 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 110 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 2370 | L |
| clearance: | 23.3 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Indacaterol and glycopyrronium bromide, under the ATC code R03AL04, is a fixed-dose combination inhalation therapy used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to improve lung function and reduce exacerbations. Indacaterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (LABA), while glycopyrronium is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). The combination is approved and in use for maintenance treatment of COPD in adults.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported in healthy adult subjects following inhalation. Parameters refer to steady-state or single-dose studies. Both drugs are administered together via inhalation in a fixed-dose combination.
References
Demin, I, et al., & Sechaud, R (2016). Population pharmacokinetics of IND/GLY (indacaterol/glycopyrronium) in COPD patients. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 54(6) 405–415. DOI:10.5414/CP202558 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27049057
Ren, S, et al., & Zhao, R (2017). Pharmacokinetics and safety of indacaterol and glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) following repeated once daily inhalation from a fixed-dose combination in healthy Chinese subjects . International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 55(2) 147–155. DOI:10.5414/CP202640 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27841152
Inoue, S, et al., & Furihata, K (2021). Pharmacokinetics of indacaterol, glycopyrronium and mometasone furoate administered as an inhaled fixed-dose combination in Japanese and Caucasian healthy subjects. BMC pulmonary medicine 21(1) 18–None. DOI:10.1186/s12890-020-01382-6 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33413291
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)