modelR03AL05
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | FormoterolAndAclidiniumBromide | |
| ATC code: | R03AL05 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 12 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 200 | L |
| clearance: | 1500 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Formoterol and aclidinium bromide is a fixed-dose combination inhalation medication comprising a long-acting beta2-agonist (formoterol) and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (aclidinium) used in the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both substances act by relaxing airway smooth muscle and inhibiting bronchoconstriction to help maintain open airways. The combination is approved and in current use for COPD management.
Pharmacokinetics
No population pharmacokinetic studies directly examining the combination product were found in the literature. Parameters below are estimated based on the published PK parameters of individual drugs (inhaled formoterol and aclidinium) in healthy adults. Model assumes one-compartment kinetics and standard inhalation administration.
References
Lal, C, & Strange, C (2015). Aclidinium bromide plus formoterol for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 16(3) 427–434. DOI:10.1517/14656566.2015.1000861 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25597386
Zhang, H, et al., & Ding, Y (2022). An Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Aclidinium/Formoterol Fixed-Dose Combination Administered in Chinese Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Drugs in R&D 22(1) 35–42. DOI:10.1007/s40268-021-00374-z PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35133636
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)