modelR03AL07
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | FormoterolAndGlycopyrroniumBromide | |
| ATC code: | R03AL07 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 83 | L |
| clearance: | 1.0 | L/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Formoterol and glycopyrronium bromide is a fixed-dose combination of a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (formoterol) and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (glycopyrronium). It is used as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The combination is approved for use in several countries for the management of airflow limitation in COPD.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters estimated for typical adult patients with COPD after inhaled administration, based on data of separate components and regulatory summaries. No direct published population PK models found for the fixed-dose combination product.
References
Kuna, P, et al., & Ciurlia, G (2022). Pharmacokinetics of extrafine beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium bromide in adolescent and adult patients with asthma. Pharmacology research & perspectives 10(4) e980–None. DOI:10.1002/prp2.980 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35733414
Chen, Q, et al., & Dorinsky, P (2019). Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate and Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate Metered Dose Inhalers in Healthy Chinese Adults: A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group Study. Clinical therapeutics 41(5) 897–909.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.03.007 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982547
Dorinsky, P, et al., & Reisner, C (2018). Safety and pharmacokinetics of budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate metered dose inhaler (BGF MDI) in healthy adult subjects of Japanese descent. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 51 18–25. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2018.05.001 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763659
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)