modelR03AL11
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | FormoterolGlycopyrroniumBromideAndBudesonide | |
| ATC code: | R03AL11 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 320 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 200 | L |
| clearance: | 60 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
A fixed-dose combination inhalation medication used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It combines formoterol (a long-acting beta-2 agonist), glycopyrronium bromide (a long-acting muscarinic antagonist), and budesonide (an inhaled corticosteroid). Approved and used today for maintenance treatment to improve lung function and reduce exacerbations.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated typical population pharmacokinetic parameters for adults with asthma or COPD treated via inhalation, based on published individual PK studies of each component, as no publication specifically reports the PK of the fixed triple combination.
References
Dorinsky, P, et al., & Reisner, C (2018). Safety and pharmacokinetics of budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate metered dose inhaler (BGF MDI) in healthy adult subjects of Japanese descent. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 51 18–25. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2018.05.001 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763659
Chen, Q, et al., & Dorinsky, P (2019). Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate and Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate Metered Dose Inhalers in Healthy Chinese Adults: A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group Study. Clinical therapeutics 41(5) 897–909.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.03.007 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982547
Aurivillius, M, et al., & Gillen, M (2023). Relative bioavailability of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate triple therapy delivered using next generation propellants with low global warming potential. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 83 102245–None. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102245 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37607661
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)