modelR03BB04
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | TiotropiumBromide | |
| ATC code: | R03BB04 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 18 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 32.1 | L |
| clearance: | 868 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Tiotropium bromide is a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It is inhaled and acts by blocking muscarinic receptors in the airways, leading to bronchodilation. Tiotropium is approved and widely used in clinical practice today for maintenance therapy in patients with COPD and for some patients with asthma.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic model in healthy adult volunteers after single 18 mcg inhaled dose using DPI. Parameters based on non-compartmental and compartmental analysis in published clinical trial data.
References
Panning, CA, & DeBisschop, M (2003). Tiotropium: an inhaled, long-acting anticholinergic drug for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacotherapy 23(2) 183–189. DOI:10.1592/phco.23.2.183.32082 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12587807
Deeks, ED (2015). Olodaterol: a review of its use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs 75(6) 665–673. DOI:10.1007/s40265-015-0371-4 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25773742
Wang, Z, et al., & Luo, Z (2020). Pharmacokinetics and safety of tiotropium+olodaterol 5 μg/5 μg fixed-dose combination in Chinese patients with COPD. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 63 101944–None. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101944 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32916296
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)