modelR03BB06
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | GlycopyrroniumBromide | |
| ATC code: | R03BB06 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 50 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 376 | L |
| clearance: | 51 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Glycopyrronium bromide is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) used as a bronchodilator for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It acts by inhibiting acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the airway smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation. It is approved and widely used today in inhalation form for COPD.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from healthy adult subjects following single and multiple inhaled doses of glycopyrronium bromide (in the form of glycopyrronium bromide inhalation powder 50 mcg).
References
Kuna, P, et al., & Ciurlia, G (2022). Pharmacokinetics of extrafine beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium bromide in adolescent and adult patients with asthma. Pharmacology research & perspectives 10(4) e980–None. DOI:10.1002/prp2.980 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35733414
Bartels, C, et al., & Kaiser, G (2013). Determination of the pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium in the lung using a population pharmacokinetic modelling approach. British journal of clinical pharmacology 76(6) 868–879. DOI:10.1111/bcp.12118 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23506208
Higashimori, M, et al., & Zhou, D (2021). Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Glycopyrronium in Patients With Renal Impairment. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 110(1) 438–445. DOI:10.1016/j.xphs.2020.03.014 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32240691
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)