modelR03BB54
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | TiotropiumBromideCombinations | |
| ATC code: | R03BB54 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 32 | L |
| clearance: | 880 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Tiotropium bromide, when used in combination with other bronchodilator agents, is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) used primarily for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It acts by relaxing airway smooth muscle and improving airflow. The combination products are approved and widely used today for the long-term management of airway obstruction.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for tiotropium bromide in combination products, as no specific published studies are available for pharmacokinetic modeling of the combination. The parameters are based on known single-agent tiotropium data in adult, healthy and COPD populations, assumed to be similar in the fixed-combination inhaled products.
References
Deeks, ED (2015). Olodaterol: a review of its use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs 75(6) 665–673. DOI:10.1007/s40265-015-0371-4 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25773742
Wang, Z, et al., & Luo, Z (2020). Pharmacokinetics and safety of tiotropium+olodaterol 5 μg/5 μg fixed-dose combination in Chinese patients with COPD. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 63 101944–None. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101944 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32916296
Liou, JT, et al., & Wang, MT (2018). Risk of Severe Cardiovascular Events From Add-On Tiotropium in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Mayo Clinic proceedings 93(10) 1462–1473. DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.05.030 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30104044
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)