modelR03CC15
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | Formoterol | |
| ATC code: | R03CC15 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 12 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 4 | L |
| clearance: | 0.228 | L/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Formoterol is a long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator for the maintenance treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is usually administered by inhalation and is approved and widely used today in combination with inhaled corticosteroids or alone.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adult volunteers after inhaled administration.
References
Kuna, P, et al., & Ciurlia, G (2022). Pharmacokinetics of extrafine beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium bromide in adolescent and adult patients with asthma. Pharmacology research & perspectives 10(4) e980–None. DOI:10.1002/prp2.980 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35733414
Chen, Q, et al., & Dorinsky, P (2019). Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate and Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate Metered Dose Inhalers in Healthy Chinese Adults: A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group Study. Clinical therapeutics 41(5) 897–909.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.03.007 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982547
Soulele, K, et al., & Karalis, V (2018). On the pharmacokinetics of two inhaled budesonide/formoterol combinations in asthma patients using modeling approaches. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 48 168–178. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2017.12.002 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29223508
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)