modelR05DA04
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Codeine | |
| ATC code: | R05DA04 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 60 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 3.6 | L |
| clearance: | 21 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Codeine is an opioid analgesic used for the relief of mild to moderate pain and as an antitussive to suppress cough. It is frequently combined with other analgesics such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. Codeine is still approved and used today in many countries, although its use is controlled due to potential for abuse and variable metabolism.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adult volunteers after oral administration of codeine phosphate.
References
Thigpen, JC, et al., & Harirforoosh, S (2019). Opioids: A Review of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neonates, Infants, and Children. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 44(5) 591–609. DOI:10.1007/s13318-019-00552-0 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31006834
Gretler, SR, et al., & Knych, HK (2020). Metabolism, pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamic effects of codeine following a single oral administration to horses. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia 47(5) 694–704. DOI:10.1016/j.vaa.2020.04.004 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32654915
Knych, HK, et al., & McKemie, DS (2022). Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and effects on thermal nociception following administration of three doses of codeine to horses. BMC veterinary research 18(1) 196–None. DOI:10.1186/s12917-022-03299-0 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35614473
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)