modelR05DA05
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | OpiumAlkaloidsWithMorphine | |
| ATC code: | R05DA05 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 10 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 4 | L |
| clearance: | 60 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Opium alkaloids with morphine comprise a combination of opium-derived alkaloids, predominantly morphine, used historically as antitussive (cough suppressant) agents. The combination acts primarily through opioid receptors, providing relief from severe cough. Given the potential for abuse and side effects, its use is now largely obsolete or restricted in many countries, replaced by safer alternatives. It is not widely approved for use today.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters are estimated based on typical oral morphine preparations in adults, as no specific population PK model or clinical study of pharmacokinetics for this fixed combination is available.
References
Lugo, RA, & Kern, SE (2002). Clinical pharmacokinetics of morphine. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy 16(4) 5–18. DOI:10.1080/j354v16n04_02 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14635822
Lugo, RA, & Kern, SE (2004). The pharmacokinetics of oxycodone. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy 18(4) 17–30. DOI:10.1300/j354v18n04_03 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15760805
Liu, T, et al., & Ivaturi, V (2016). Mechanistic Population Pharmacokinetics of Morphine in Neonates With Abstinence Syndrome After Oral Administration of Diluted Tincture of Opium. Journal of clinical pharmacology 56(8) 1009–1018. DOI:10.1002/jcph.696 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26712409
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)