.Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.S.S01ED01_1

Information

Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used primarily to treat elevated intraocular pressure in ocular conditions such as glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is also used systemically for hypertension, migraine prophylaxis, and occasionally for arrhythmias. Ophthalmic timolol is widely approved and used today.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetic parameters following topical ocular administration (ophthalmic solution) in healthy adult volunteers.

References

1. Goldberg, I, et al., & Bejanian, M (2014). Bimatoprost 0.03%/timolol 0.5% preservative-free ophthalmic solution versus bimatoprost 0.03%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution (Ganfort) for glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a 12-week randomised controlled trial. The British journal of ophthalmology 98(7) 926–931. DOI:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304064 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24667994

2. Ishibashi, T, et al., & Kinoshita, S (2003). Comparison of the effects of topical levobunolol and timolol solution on the human ocular surface. Cornea 22(8) 709–715. DOI:10.1097/00003226-200311000-00001 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14576520

3. Ishibashi, T, et al., & Kinoshita, S (2003). Retention of reversibly thermo-gelling timolol on the human ocular surface studied by video meniscometry. Current eye research 27(2) 117–122. DOI:10.1076/ceyr.27.2.117.15948 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14632164

Revisions

• 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)