.Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.S.S02DA02

Information

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant. It was historically used as a local anesthetic, particularly in ophthalmology and otolaryngology, but its use has been largely replaced by safer alternatives. Cocaine is now mostly encountered as a drug of abuse and is not approved for general therapeutic use except for rare local anesthesia applications.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from healthy adult volunteers (mixed sex, ages 18-40) following intravenous administration.

References

1. Rook, EJ, et al., & Beijnen, JH (2006). Population pharmacokinetics of heroin and its major metabolites. Clinical pharmacokinetics 45(4) 401–417. DOI:10.2165/00003088-200645040-00005 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16584286

2. van Amsterdam, J, & van den Brink, W (2025). Explaining the high mortality among opioid-cocaine co-users compared to opioid-only users. A systematic review. Journal of addictive diseases 43(2) 121–131. DOI:10.1080/10550887.2024.2331522 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38504419

3. Fattinger, K, et al., & Verotta, D (2000). Nasal mucosal versus gastrointestinal absorption of nasally administered cocaine. European journal of clinical pharmacology 56(4) 305–310. DOI:10.1007/s002280000147 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10954344

Revisions

• 06/2025 initial generated model