modelV03AN02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | CarbonDioxide | |
| ATC code: | V03AN02 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 1 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1 | L |
| clearance: | 0 | |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an inorganic, colorless, and odorless gas used medically to stimulate breathing, increase depth of respiration, or as a medical gas in insufflation during laparoscopic surgeries and as part of respiratory function tests. While extensively utilized in various diagnostic and procedural applications, carbon dioxide is not considered a pharmacological agent for systemic therapeutic effects. It has no direct approval as a therapeutic agent but is crucial as a medical gas.
Pharmacokinetics
No published pharmacokinetic models or parameters available for carbon dioxide as a medical gas in humans due to its rapid gaseous exchange in the lungs and physiological ubiquity. Estimates cannot be reliably made due to immediate equilibrium with arterial and venous blood, rapid distribution in body water spaces, and continuous endogenous production/elimination.
References
Bateman, RM, et al., & Prandi, E (2016). 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine : Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016. Critical care (London, England) 20(Suppl 2) 94–None. DOI:10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27885969
Dholakia, U, et al., & Pypendop, BH (2020). Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in sevoflurane-anesthetized cats. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia 47(2) 200–209. DOI:10.1016/j.vaa.2019.11.005 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31983556
Meier, PM, et al., & Houck, CS (2019). Population Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine Using Manual Bolus Atomization Versus Micropump Nebulization and Morphine Requirements in Young Children. Anesthesia and analgesia 129(4) 963–972. DOI:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004224 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31124839
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)