name: | Apomorphine |
ATC code: | G04BE07 | route: | subcutaneous |
n-compartments | 2 |
Apomorphine is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist used primarily in the treatment of motor fluctuations ('off' episodes) in Parkinson's disease. It is administered as a rescue medication for rapid symptom relief. It is approved for subcutaneous use and is not typically administered orally due to extensive first-pass metabolism and very low oral bioavailability.
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported in healthy adult volunteers following subcutaneous administration.
Agbo, F, et al., & Navia, B (2021). Population pharmacokinetic analysis of apomorphine sublingual film or subcutaneous apomorphine in healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Clinical and translational science 14(4) 1464–1475. DOI:10.1111/cts.13008 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33650272
Neef, C, & van Laar, T (1999). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of apomorphine in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clinical pharmacokinetics 37(3) 257–271. DOI:10.2165/00003088-199937030-00004 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10511920
Briganti, A, et al., & Montorsi, F (2006). A comparative review of apomorphine formulations for erectile dysfunction : recommendations for use in the elderly. Drugs & aging 23(4) 309–319. DOI:10.2165/00002512-200623040-00004 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16732690