modelGemcitabine
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.L.L01BC05.
Information
| name: | Gemcitabine | |
| ATC code: | L01BC05 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 1000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 50.2 | L |
| clearance: | 85.6 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog used as an antineoplastic (anticancer) agent. It is approved and widely used for treatment of various carcinomas, including pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, and breast cancer. It works primarily by inhibiting DNA synthesis, leading to cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for adult cancer patients (both sexes), typically aged 18-80 years, receiving intravenous infusion of gemcitabine. No major differences were observed based on sex or cancer type.
References
Sugiyama, E, et al., & Sawada, J (2010). Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its metabolite in Japanese cancer patients: impact of genetic polymorphisms. Clinical pharmacokinetics 49(8) 549–558. DOI:10.2165/11532970-000000000-00000 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20608756
Boosman, RJ, et al., & Huitema, ADR (2022). Is age just a number? A population pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 89(5) 697–705. DOI:10.1007/s00280-022-04431-5 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35426526
Jiang, X, et al., & McLachlan, AJ (2008). Population pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its metabolite in patients with cancer: effect of oxaliplatin and infusion rate. British journal of clinical pharmacology 65(3) 326–333. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.03040.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17961191
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)