modelQuinine
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.P.P01BC01.
Information
| name: | Quinine | |
| ATC code: | P01BC01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 600 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 2.2 | L |
| clearance: | 0.06 | L/h/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Quinine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is primarily used as an antimalarial agent and is effective against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Quinine has also been used historically for treatment of muscle cramps, but its primary approved use today is for malaria treatment, especially for severe cases or in regions with chloroquine-resistant malaria.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics of quinine in healthy adult volunteers after oral administration.
References
Kloprogge, F, et al., & Tarning, J (2014). Population pharmacokinetics of quinine in pregnant women with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Uganda. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 69(11) 3033–3040. DOI:10.1093/jac/dku228 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24970740
Le Jouan, M, et al., & Pons, G (2005). Quinine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children with malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 49(9) 3658–3662. DOI:10.1128/AAC.49.9.3658-3662.2005 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16127036
Lill, J, et al., & Hansten, PD (2000). Cyclosporine-drug interactions and the influence of patient age. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 57(17) 1579–1584. DOI:10.1093/ajhp/57.17.1579 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10984808
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)