modelGlutathione
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.V.V03AB32.
Information
| name: | Glutathione | |
| ATC code: | V03AB32 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 600 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.16 | L |
| clearance: | 1.4 | L/h/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine. It acts as an important endogenous antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress and maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione has been used experimentally as a dietary supplement or adjunctive medication in conditions involving oxidative stress, including liver disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It is not widely approved by regulatory authorities for intravenous use, but is available as a supplement.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters estimated for healthy adults after intravenous administration, as no standard population PK parameters are comprehensively published.
References
Forrest, JA, et al., & Prescott, LF (1982). Clinical pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. Clinical pharmacokinetics 7(2) 93–107. DOI:10.2165/00003088-198207020-00001 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7039926
Choi, B, et al., & Oh, JM (2015). Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of busulfan with GSTA1 polymorphisms in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pharmacogenomics 16(14) 1585–1594. DOI:10.2217/pgs.15.98 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26419450
Sun, Y, et al., & Hu, J (2020). Population pharmacokinetic analysis of intravenous busulfan: GSTA1 genotype is not a predictive factor of initial dose in Chinese adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 85(2) 293–308. DOI:10.1007/s00280-019-04001-2 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31834435
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)