modelVitaminAConcentrates
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.V.V04CB01.
Information
| name: | VitaminAConcentrates | |
| ATC code: | V04CB01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 100000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.0 | L |
| clearance: | 0.05 | L/kg/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Vitamin A concentrates are formulations of fat-soluble vitamin A (retinol or its esters) used in dietary supplementation or treatment of deficiency. They are administered to prevent or treat vitamin A deficiency, particularly in populations at risk (children, pregnant women) or in cases of malnutrition. Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. These concentrates are approved and used today in clinical practice, mostly as oral or injectable preparations.
Pharmacokinetics
No published population pharmacokinetic model exists for 'vitamin A concentrates' as a formulated medicine. The following are estimated typical parameters for adult healthy subjects receiving oral administration of retinyl palmitate, a representative vitamin A ester. These are based on known pharmacokinetic principles and analogous values from retinol studies.
References
Haskell, MJ, et al., & Brown, KH (2003). Population-based plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate among preschool-aged, Peruvian children. The American journal of clinical nutrition 77(3) 681–686. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/77.3.681 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12600861
Zachman, RD, & Chen, XM (1991). Intramuscular relative dose response (RDR) determination of liver vitamin A stores in rats. The Journal of nutrition 121(2) 187–191. DOI:10.1093/jn/121.2.187 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1825326
Rigas, JR, et al., & Warrell, RP (1993). Constitutive variability in the pharmacokinetics of the natural retinoid, all-trans-retinoic acid, and its modulation by ketoconazole. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85(23) 1921–1926. DOI:10.1093/jnci/85.23.1921 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8230282
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)