modelCationExchangeResins

Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.V.V04CG01.

Information

name:CationExchangeResins
ATC code:V04CG01
route:oral
compartments:1
dosage:15000mg
volume of distribution:1L
clearance:0L/h
other parameters in model implementation

Cation exchange resins, including sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) and calcium polystyrene sulfonate, are used to treat hyperkalemia (elevated blood potassium levels) by exchanging sodium or calcium for potassium ions in the gut. These resins are not systemically absorbed and act locally in the gastrointestinal tract. They have been widely used for decades, but concerns exist about gastrointestinal adverse effects and limited efficacy; nevertheless, they are still approved and used in clinical practice.

Pharmacokinetics

No relevant pharmacokinetic parameters are reported in the literature due to inorganic resin nature, lack of systemic absorption, and pharmacological action restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. PK parameters are generally inapplicable.

References

    Parameters

    TypeNameDefaultDescription
    Modelica.Units.SI.Massweight (from PK_1C)75patient weight (kg)
    Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolumeVdPerKg (from PK_1C)0.9Volume of distribution (L/kg)
    Modelica.Units.SI.MassFractionF (from PK_1C)0.8bioavailiability (0-1)
    Pharmacolibrary.Types.ClearanceCl (from PK_1C)20clearance
    Modelica.Units.SI.TimeadminTime (from PK_1C)60first administration time (s)
    Modelica.Units.SI.TimeadminDuration (from PK_1C)600administration duration (s)
    Modelica.Units.SI.TimeadminPeriod (from PK_1C)8*60*60period of administration (default 8 hours)(s)
    Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassadminMass (from PK_1C)1000administration mass (mg)
    IntegeradminCount (from PK_1C)8number of dose administered (1)
    Pharmacolibrary.Types.VolumeVd (from PK_1C)VdPerKg*weightVolume of distribution (m3)
    Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentrationCmin (from PK_1C)0.004minimal therapeutic range
    Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentrationCmax (from PK_1C)0.008minimal therapeutic range
    Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentrationCtox_peak (from PK_1C)0.012toxicity peak level
    Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentrationCtox_trough (from PK_1C)0.006toxicity trough level
    Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRateka (from PK_1C_enteral)0.016666666666666666first order absorption rate
    Modelica.Units.SI.TimeTlag (from PK_1C_enteral)600delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min)

    Connectors

    TypeNameDefaultDescription
    Types.ConcentrationOutputC_central (from PK_1C)
    Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_bcentralCPort (from PK_1C)

    Components

    TypeNameDefaultDescription
    Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartmentcentral (from PK_1C)
    Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenEliminationelim (from PK_1C)
    Sources.PeriodicDoseperiodicDose (from PK_1C)
    Modelica.Units.SI.Timet1_2 (from PK_1C)elimination half-life

    Revisions

    • 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)