modelCarbonMonoxide
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.V.V04CX08.
Information
| name: | CarbonMonoxide | |
| ATC code: | V04CX08 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 30 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1 | L |
| clearance: | 0 | |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. In medical applications, it is used primarily as a diagnostic agent for measuring diffusing capacity of the lung (DLCO test) in pulmonary function testing, and experimentally as a research tool. It is not approved as a therapeutic drug but is administered under strict clinical conditions for diagnostic assessment. Carbon monoxide has high affinity for hemoglobin, displacing oxygen to form carboxyhemoglobin.
Pharmacokinetics
No published human pharmacokinetic model exists for carbon monoxide as a drug in standard clinical use. Carbon monoxide is typically administered by inhalation in diagnostic settings at very low concentrations (e.g., 0.3% in air, single breath or up to several minutes), and parameters such as absorption are governed by pulmonary uptake and binding to hemoglobin. No peer-reviewed publications were found providing compartment model parameters such as volume of distribution or clearance in the classic drug sense.
References
Darby, TD, et al., & van Rossum, JM (1984). Cigarette smoking pharmacokinetics and its relationship to smoking behaviour. Clinical pharmacokinetics 9(5) 435–449. DOI:10.2165/00003088-198409050-00003 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6388953
Werley, MS, et al., & Lee, PN (2007). Possible effects on smokers of cigarette mentholation: a review of the evidence relating to key research questions. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 47(2) 189–203. DOI:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.09.004 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17097785
Vélez de Mendizábal, N, et al., & Brown, JW (2015). Nicotine and cotinine exposure from electronic cigarettes: a population approach. Clinical pharmacokinetics 54(6) 615–626. DOI:10.1007/s40262-014-0221-7 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25503588
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)