Pharmacokinetic of Lithium administered as Lithium Carbonate - single compartment model example with parameter values of lithium, dosage 1500 mg administered orally every 24h with bioavailability 1.
Lithium is a monovalent metal cation (Li+) and is classified pharmacologically as a mood-stabilizing agent. It is not an organic compound like most drugs but a simple inorganic ion, typically administered as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) orlithium citrate. Its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is thought to modulate intracellular signaling pathways, including second messengers like inositol phosphate and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which affect neuronal excitability and mood regulation. Lithium is absorbed well orally, is not metabolized, and is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Pharmacokinetic may follow 1-compartment model(this example) or 2-compartment model.
Common side effects include tremor, increased thirst, polyuria, and weight gain. Toxicity can occur easily due to a narrow therapeutic index and may cause nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias. Renal and thyroid function must be monitored regularly.
Simulation of 10d, drug administered every day, therapeutic level are between Cmin adn Cmax, toxic level above Ctox:
References:
[1] Wen, Jinhua, et al. "A review for lithium: pharmacokinetics, drug design, and toxicity." CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-CNS & Neurological Disorders) 18.10 (2019): 769-778.
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.Pharmacolibrary.Examples.PK_1C_LithiumCarbonate