.TRANSFORM.Fluid.FittingsAndResistances.Exit

Information

Minor-loss resistance for the exit of a pipe discharging into a large plenum/reservoir. The pressure loss is

dp = K*m_flow^2/(2*rho*A^2)

referenced to the pipe velocity head. For a submerged discharge into a large quiescent volume essentially all of the kinetic energy is dissipated, so K = 1 (default). (Occasionally K≈2 for laminar flow, or slightly above 1 for turbulent profiles.) The loss opposes the flow (design direction is pipe → plenum). Circular cross-section.

References

Rennels & Hudson, Pipe Flow: A Practical and Comprehensive Guide (2012); Idelchik, Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance.