.BioChem.Examples.centralMetabolism.cytosol

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<h1>Cytosol</h1>
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<img src="modelica://BioChem/Resources/Images/figure1.jpg" width="640px" height="446px" alt="Fig1: Biochemical scheme">
<p><em><strong>Fig. 1.</strong> Scheme of glycolysis and coupled processes simulated in the model: consumption and synthesis of ATP and transformation of reducing equivalents of NADH. The relevant equations, which account for stoicheiometry of the ATP production, are given in Supplementary materials. One molecule of ATP is consumed per molecule of fructose 6-phosphate in the phosphofructokinase reaction; two molecules of ATP per molecule of triose phospate (four molecules per hexose molecule) are then produced on the way to pyruvate; 2.5 molecules of ATP are produced when one molecule of NADH is oxidized. Cytosolic NADH is produced in the reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and consumed when pyruvate is transformed to lactate. In mitochondria one molecule of NADH is produced in the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction and then three NADH molecules and one FADH2 molecule in the tricarboxylate cycle. Abbreviations: AK, adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3); CK, creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2); CP, phosphocreatine; Cr, creatine; F6P, fructose 6-phosphate; FBP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12);
GPh, glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1); Lac, lactate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27); PFK, phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11); GPI, glucose phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9.); Pyr, pyruvate. Subscripts: m, mitochondrial; c, cytosolic.</em></p>

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