modelQni

Spice-style NPN transistor model without parasitic resistors and substrate diode

Information

The NPN element of the Spice analog electrical library implements a full-fledges Spice-stye Gummel-Poon model of the NPN bipolar transistor [1-3]. NPNint is a partial model that implements only the internal nodes of the bipolar transistor. The external parasitic resistances, the external capacitor between base and collector, and the substrate are being added from the outside.


Parameters:

 Level:   Transistor modeling level (default value = 2)
            Level = 1: Ebers-Moll model
            Level = 2: Gummel-Poon model


DC Model Parameters:

 BF:      Maximum forward current gain at reference temperature (default value = 100)

 BR:      Maximum reverse current gain at reference temperature (default value = 1)

 IS:      Saturation current at reference temperature (default value = 1e-16 Amp)

 ISS:     Saturation current for injection (default value = IS Amp)

 NF:      Forward current emission coefficient (default value = 1)

 NR:      Reverse current emission coefficient (default value = 1)

 GminDC:  Leakage conductance (default value = 1e-19 Mho)


Low Current Beta Degradation Effect Parameters:

 ISC:     Base-collector leakage saturation current at reference temperature (default value = 0 Amp)

 ISE:     Base-emitter leakage saturation current at reference temperature (default value = 0 Amp)

 NC:      Low-current base-collector leakage emission coefficient (default value = 2)

 NE:      Low-current base-emitter leakage emission coefficient (default value = 1.5)


Base Width Modulation Parameters:

 VAF:     Forward early voltage (default value = 9e30 Volt)

 VAR:     Reverse early voltage (default value = 9e30 Volt)


High Current Beta Degradation Effect Parameters:

 IKF:     Corner for forward beta high-current roll-off (default value = 9e30 Amp)

 IKR:     Corner for reverse beta high-current roll-off (default value = 9e30 Amp)


Junction Capacitor Parameters:

 CJC:     Zero-bias base-collector depletion capacitance at reference temperature (default value = 1e-12 F)

 MJC:     Base-collector junction grading coefficient (default value = 0.33)

 VJC:     Base-collector built-in potential at reference temperature (default value = 0.75 Volt)

 CJE:     Zero-bias base-emitter depletion capacitance at reference temperature (default value = 1e-12 F)

 MJE:     Base-emitter junction grading coefficient (default value = 0.33)

 VJE:     Base-emitter built-in potential at reference temperature (default value = 0.75 Volt)

 XCJC:    Fraction of base-collector depletion capacitance connected to internal base node (default value = 1)

 FC:      Depletion capacitance factor for linearization (default value = 0.5)


Transit Time Parameters:

 TF:      Ideal forward transit time (default value = 0 sec)

 TR:      Ideal reverse transit time (default value = 0 sec)


Temperature Compensation and Area Parameters:

 Tnom:    Reference temperature (default value = 300.15 K)

 XTI:     Saturation current temperature exponent (default value = 3)

 XTB:     Forward and reverse beta temperature coefficient (default value = 0)

 EG:      Energy gap for temperature effect on saturation current (default value = 1.11 Volt)

 Area:    Relative area occupied by device (default value = 1)


Numerical Parameters:

 EMin:    Minimum exponent for linearization of junction current (default value = -100)

 EMax:    Maximum exponent for linearization of junction current (default value = 40)


Compiler Parameters:

 enforceStates:  State selector (default value = true)
                   enforceStates = true:   Use (external) capacitive voltages as state variables
                   enforceStates = false:  Use (internal) bond graph efforts as state variables


References:

  1. Cellier, F.E. (1991), Continuous System Modeling, Springer-Verlag, New York.
  2. Hild, D.R. and F.E. Cellier (1994), "Object-oriented electronic circuit modeling using Dymola," Proc. OOS'94, SCS Object Oriented Simulation Conference, Tempe, AZ, pp.68-75.
  3. Hild, D.R. (1993), Circuit Modeling in Dymola, MS Thesis, Dept. of Electr. & Comp. Engr., University of Arizona, Tucson.
  4. Massobrio, G. and P. Antognetti (1993), Semiconductor Device Modeling with Spice, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill, New York.
  5. Schweisguth, M.C. and F.E. Cellier (1999), "A bond graph model of the bipolar junction transistor," Proc. SCS Intl. Conf. on Bond Graph Modeling, San Francisco, CA, pp.344-349.
  6. Schweisguth, M.C. (1997), Semiconductor Modeling with Bondgraphs, MS Thesis, Dept. of Electr. & Comp. Engr., University of Arizona, Tucson.

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
RealinfModelica.Constants.inf
RealBF100Maximum forward current gain at reference temperature
RealBR1Maximum reverse current gain at reference temperature
Modelica.SIunits.CurrentIS1e-16Saturation current at reference temperature
Modelica.SIunits.CurrentISSISSaturation current used for current injection
RealNF1Forward current emission coefficient
RealNR1Reverse current emission coefficient
Modelica.SIunits.ConductanceGminDC1e-19Leakage conductance
Modelica.SIunits.CurrentISC0Base-collector leakage saturation current at reference temperature (ISC = C4*IS)
Modelica.SIunits.CurrentISE0Base-emitter leakage saturation current at reference temperature (ISE = C2*IS)
RealNC2Low-current base-collector leakage emission coefficient
RealNE1.5Low-current base-emitter leakage emission coefficient
Modelica.SIunits.VoltageVAFinfForward early voltage
Modelica.SIunits.VoltageVARinfReverse early voltage
Modelica.SIunits.CurrentIKFinfCorner for forward beta high-current roll-off
Modelica.SIunits.CurrentIKRinfCorner for reverse beta high-current roll-off
Modelica.SIunits.CapacitanceCJC1e-12Zero-bias base-collector depletion capacitance at reference temperature
RealMJC0.33Base-collector junction grading coefficient
Modelica.SIunits.VoltageVJC0.8Base-collector built-in potential at reference temperature
Modelica.SIunits.CapacitanceCJE1e-12Zero-bias base-emitter depletion capacitance at reference temperature
RealMJE0.33Base-emitter junction grading coefficient
Modelica.SIunits.VoltageVJE0.75Base-emitter built-in potential at reference temperature
RealXCJC1Fraction of base-collector depletion capacitance connected to internal base node
RealFC0.5Depletion capacitance factor for linearization
Modelica.SIunits.TimeTF0Ideal forward transit time
Modelica.SIunits.TimeTR0Ideal reverse transit time
Modelica.SIunits.TemperatureTnom300.15Reference temperature
RealXTI3Saturation current temperature exponent
RealXTB0Forward and reverse beta temperature coefficient
Modelica.SIunits.VoltageEG1.11Energy gap for temperature effect on saturation current
RealArea1Relative area occupied by device
IntegerLevel2Transistor modeling level (Ebers-Moll = 1; Gummel-Poon = 2)
RealEMin-100if x < EMin, the exp(x) function is linearized
RealEMax40if x > EMax, the exp(x) function is linearized
Advanced
BooleanenforceStatestrueUse electrical variables as states instead of bond graph variables

Connectors

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PinBintInternal base node
Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PinCintInternal collector node
Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PinEintInternal emitter node
Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_aheatPortThermal connector
Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutputqbBase charge
Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutputixExternal base-collector capacitance current

Components

TypeNameDefaultDescription
BondLib.Spice.Utilities.BJTvarsBJTvars1
BondLib.Electrical.Analog.Sensors.VoltageSensorVbc
BondLib.Electrical.Analog.Sensors.VoltageSensorVbe
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constantqb1
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.ConstantC0
Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.TemperatureSensorTdev
IsignalIC0
IsignalIB0
CjDbc
CjDbe