modelDuctManifoldFixedResistance

Manifold for a heat exchanger air duct connection

Extends from PartialDuctManifold (Partial manifold for heat exchanger duct connection).

Information

Duct manifold with a fixed flow resistance.

This model is composed of a pressure drop calculation, and a flow distributor. The flow distributor distributes the mass flow rate equally to each instance of port_b, without having to compute a pressure drop in each flow leg.

Note: It is important that there is an equal pressure drop in each flow leg between this model, and the model that collects the flows. Otherwise, no solution may exist, and therefore the simulation may stop with an error.

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
IntegernPipPar (from PartialDuctPipeManifold)Number of parallel pipes in each register
IntegernPipSeg (from PartialDuctManifold)Number of pipe segments per register used for discretization
Booleanuse_dhfalseSet to true to specify hydraulic diameter
Modelica.Units.SI.Lengthdh1Hydraulic diameter of duct
RealReC4000Reynolds number where transition to turbulence starts
RealdeltaM0.3Fraction of nominal mass flow rate where transition to turbulent occurs
Realn2Flow exponent, n=1 for laminar, n=2 for turbulent
Assumptions
BooleanallowFlowReversal (from PartialDuctPipeManifold)true= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction (port_a -> port_b)
Initialization
Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRatemStart_flow_a (from PartialDuctPipeManifold)Guess value for mass flow rate at port_a
Nominal Condition
Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRatem_flow_nominalMass flow rate at port_a
Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifferencedp_nominalPressure drop
Advanced
Booleanlinearizedfalse= true, use linear relation between m_flow and dp for any flow rate
Booleanfrom_dpfalse= true, use m_flow = f(dp) else dp = f(m_flow)

Connectors

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_aport_a (from PartialDuctPipeManifold)Fluid connector a for medium (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b)
Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_bport_b (from PartialDuctManifold)Fluid connector b for medium (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b)

Components

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDropfixResFixed resistance for each duct

Revisions

  • June 17, 2026, by Michael Wetter:
    Updated implementation to allow a flow coefficient n that is different from 2. This allows use of the model for not fully turbulent flow.
    This is for Buildings, #4620.
  • November 8, 2016, by Michael Wetter:
    Removed wrong usage of each keyword.
  • January 22, 2016, by Michael Wetter:
    Corrected type declaration of pressure difference. This is for #404.
  • June 29, 2014, by Michael Wetter:
    Added model that distributes the mass flow rate equally to each instance of port_b.
  • June 26, 2014, by Michael Wetter:
    Conditionally removed the volume if the energy balance is steady state. This was done as the overhead for modeling a volume is not needed in this configuration.
  • September 10, 2008, by Michael Wetter:
    Added additional parameters.
  • August 22, 2008, by Michael Wetter:
    Added start value for resistance mass flow rate.
  • August 21, 2008, by Michael Wetter:
    Added mixing volume to break large nonlinear system of equations in model Buildings.Fluid.HeatExchangers.DryCoilDiscretized.
  • April 14, 2008, by Michael Wetter:
    First implementation.