modelFixed
Fixed properties
Extends from Fluid (Base model for a fluid species).
Information
Assumptions:
- The generalized resistivities (η, θ) are fixed (e.g., independent of thermodynamic state).
The default resistivities (η = 1/(855e-6*U.Pa*U.s)
and θ = U.m*U.K/(613e-3*U.W)) are of H2O liquid at saturation pressure and
300 K from Incropera and DeWitt [Incropera2002, p. 921]. Table 1 lists the properties at
saturation pressure and other temperatures.
See also
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-dynamic-kinematic-viscosity-d_596.html.
T/U.K |
cp*U.kg*U.K |
η |
θ*U.W |
|---|---|---|---|
| 273.15 | 4217 | 1/1750e-6 | 1/569e-3 |
| 275 | 4211 | 1/1652e-6 | 1/574e-3 |
| 280 | 4198 | 1/1422e-6 | 1/582e-3 |
| 285 | 4189 | 1/1225e-6 | 1/590e-3 |
| 290 | 4184 | 1/1080e-6 | 1/598e-3 |
| 295 | 4181 | 1/959e-6 | 1/606e-3 |
| 300 | 4179 | 1/855e-6 | 1/613e-3 |
| 305 | 4178 | 1/769e-6 | 1/620e-3 |
| 310 | 4178 | 1/695e-6 | 1/628e-3 |
| 315 | 4179 | 1/631e-6 | 1/634e-3 |
| 320 | 4180 | 1/577e-6 | 1/640e-3 |
| 325 | 4182 | 1/528e-6 | 1/645e-3 |
| 330 | 4184 | 1/489e-6 | 1/650e-3 |
| 335 | 4186 | 1/453e-6 | 1/656e-3 |
| 340 | 4188 | 1/420e-6 | 1/660e-3 |
| 345 | 4191 | 1/389e-6 | 1/668e-3 |
| 350 | 4195 | 1/365e-6 | 1/668e-3 |
| 355 | 4199 | 1/343e-6 | 1/671e-3 |
| 360 | 4203 | 1/324e-6 | 1/674e-3 |
| 365 | 4209 | 1/306e-6 | 1/677e-3 |
| 370 | 4214 | 1/289e-6 | 1/679e-3 |
| 373.15 | 4217 | 1/279e-6 | 1/680e-3 |
| 375 | 4220 | 1/274e-6 | 1/681e-3 |
| 380 | 4226 | 1/260e-6 | 1/683e-3 |
| 385 | 4232 | 1/248e-6 | 1/685e-3 |
| 390 | 4239 | 1/237e-6 | 1/686e-3 |
| 400 | 4256 | 1/217e-6 | 1/688e-3 |
| 410 | 4278 | 1/200e-6 | 1/688e-3 |
| 420 | 4302 | 1/185e-6 | 1/688e-3 |
| 430 | 4331 | 1/173e-6 | 1/685e-3 |
| 440 | 4360 | 1/162e-6 | 1/682e-3 |
| 450 | 4400 | 1/152e-6 | 1/678e-3 |
| 460 | 4440 | 1/143e-6 | 1/673e-3 |
| 470 | 4480 | 1/136e-6 | 1/667e-3 |
| 480 | 4530 | 1/129e-6 | 1/660e-3 |
| 490 | 4590 | 1/124e-6 | 1/651e-3 |
| 500 | 4660 | 1/118e-6 | 1/642e-3 |
| 510 | 4740 | 1/113e-6 | 1/631e-3 |
| 520 | 4840 | 1/108e-6 | 1/621e-3 |
| 530 | 4950 | 1/104e-6 | 1/608e-3 |
| 540 | 5080 | 1/101e-6 | 1/594e-3 |
| 550 | 5240 | 1/97e-6 | 1/580e-3 |
| 560 | 5430 | 1/94e-6 | 1/563e-3 |
| 570 | 5680 | 1/91e-6 | 1/548e-3 |
| 580 | 6000 | 1/88e-6 | 1/528e-3 |
| 590 | 6410 | 1/84e-6 | 1/513e-3 |
| 600 | 7000 | 1/81e-6 | 1/497e-3 |
| 610 | 7850 | 1/77e-6 | 1/467e-3 |
| 620 | 9350 | 1/72e-6 | 1/444e-3 |
| 635 | 10600 | 1/70e-6 | 1/430e-3 |
| 630 | 12600 | 1/67e-6 | 1/412e-3 |
| 635 | 16400 | 1/64e-6 | 1/392e-3 |
| 640 | 26000 | 1/59e-6 | 1/367e-3 |
The specific heat capacity is not fixed because it would affect the chemical potential and result in an incorrect saturation pressure.
For more information, please see the Species model.
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Integer | n_intra (from Species) | 0 | Number of exchange connections within the phase |
| Integer | n_inter (from Species) | 0 | Number of exchange connections with other phases |
| Initialization | |||
| Q.Number | epsilon_IC | 0.01 | Initial volumetric fill fraction |
| Init | initMaterial (from Fluid) | Init.pressure | Method of initializing the material state |
| Init | initEnergy (from Fluid) | Init.temperature | Method of initializing the thermal state |
| Q.Amount | N_IC (from Species) | Initial amount of material | |
| Q.Density | rho_IC (from Species) | Initial density | |
| Q.Volume | V_IC (from Species) | Initial volume | |
| Q.PressureAbsolute | p_IC (from Species) | Initial pressure | |
| Q.TemperatureAbsolute | T_IC (from Species) | Initial temperature | |
| Q.Potential | h_IC (from Species) | Initial specific enthalpy | |
| Q.Potential | g_IC (from Species) | Initial Gibbs potential | |
| Assumptions | |||
| Integer | n_trans (from Species) | 1 | Number of transport axes |
| Integer | n_chem (from Fluid) | 0 | Number of reaction and phase change processes |
| Independence factors | |||
| Q.NumberAbsolute[n_intra,n_trans] | k_intra_Phi (from Species) | ones(n_intra, n_trans) | For translational exchange among species within the phase |
| Q.NumberAbsolute[n_intra] | k_intra_Q (from Species) | ones(n_intra) | For thermal exchange among species within the phase |
| Assumptions › Formulation of the conservation equations | |||
| ConsThermo | consMaterial (from Fluid) | ConsThermo.dynamic | Material |
| Boolean | consRot (from Fluid) | false | Conserve rotational momentum |
| ConsTrans | consTransX (from Fluid) | ConsTrans.dynamic | X-axis translational momentum |
| ConsTrans | consTransY (from Fluid) | ConsTrans.dynamic | Y-axis translational momentum |
| ConsTrans | consTransZ (from Fluid) | ConsTrans.dynamic | Z-axis translational momentum |
| ConsThermo | consEnergy (from Fluid) | ConsThermo.dynamic | Energy |
| Assumptions › Axes with upstream discretization | |||
| Boolean | upstreamX (from Fluid) | true | X |
| Boolean | upstreamY (from Fluid) | true | Y |
| Boolean | upstreamZ (from Fluid) | true | Z |
| Assumptions › Flow conditions | |||
| Boolean | approxVelocity (from Fluid) | true | Calculate normal boundary velocities assuming uniform density |
| Q.NumberAbsolute[Axis] | Nu_Phi (from Fluid) | {4, 4, 4} | Translational Nusselt numbers |
| Q.NumberAbsolute | Nu_Q (from Fluid) | 1 | Thermal Nusselt number |
| Advanced | |||
| Q.Amount | N0 (from Fluid) | 0 | Nominal amount of material to prevent depletion |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Connectors.Intra[n_intra] | intra (from Species) | Connectors to exchange translational momentum and energy within the phase | |
| Connectors.Inter[n_inter] | inter (from Species) | Connectors to exchange translational momentum and energy with all other species | |
| Connectors.Dalton | dalton (from Species) | Connector for additivity of pressure | |
| Connectors.Boundary[n_trans,Side] | boundaries (from Fluid) | Connectors for transport | |
| Connectors.Chemical[n_chem] | chemical (from Fluid) | Connector for reactions and phase change |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q.Mobility | mu (from Species) | Data.mu(T, v) | Mobility |
| Q.TimeAbsolute | nu (from Species) | Data.nu(T, v) | Thermal independity |
| Q.Amount | N (from Species) | Amount of material | |
| Q.TemperatureAbsolute | T (from Species) | Temperature | |
| Q.Velocity[n_trans] | phi (from Species) | Velocity | |
| Q.PressureAbsolute | p (from Species) | Pressure | |
| Q.Potential | g (from Species) | Specific Gibbs energy | |
| Q.Mass | M (from Species) | Mass | |
| Q.VolumeSpecific | v (from Species) | Specific volume | |
| Q.Potential | h (from Species) | Specific enthalpy | |
| Q.NumberAbsolute | s (from Species) | Specific entropy | |
| Q.Density | rho (from Species) | 1/v | Density |
| Q.MassVolumic | mrho (from Species) | Data.m*rho | Volumic mass |
| Q.Amount | S (from Species) | N*s | Entropy |
| Q.CapacityThermalSpecific | c_p (from Species) | Data.c_p(T, p) | Isobaric specific heat capacity |
| Q.CapacityThermalSpecific | c_v (from Species) | Data.c_v(T, p) | Isochoric specific heat capacity |
| Q.PressureReciprocal | beta (from Species) | Data.beta(T, p) | Isothermal compressibility |
| Q.TimeAbsolute[n_intra,n_trans] | tau_PhiE_intra (from Species) | {Data.m*mu*k_intra_Phi[i, :] for i in 1:n_intra} | Time constants for translational intra-phase exchange |
| Q.TimeAbsolute[n_inter,n_trans] | tau_PhiE_inter (from Species) | {Data.m*mu*k_inter_Phi[i, :] for i in 1:n_inter} | Time constants for translational inter-phase exchange |
| Q.TimeAbsolute[n_intra] | tau_QE_intra (from Species) | c_p*nu*k_intra_Q | Time constants for thermal intra-phase exchange |
| Q.TimeAbsolute[n_inter] | tau_QE_inter (from Species) | c_p*nu*k_inter_Q | Time constants for thermal inter-phase exchange |
| Q.Force[n_trans] | f_DE (from Species) | sum(intra[i].mPhidot for i in 1:n_intra) + sum(inter[i].mPhidot for i in 1:n_inter) | Friction from other configurations (diffusive exchange) |
| Q.Power | Edot_DE (from Species) | sum(intra[i].phi*intra[i].mPhidot for i in 1:n_intra) + sum(inter[i].phi*inter[i].mPhidot for i in 1:n_inter) + sum(intra.Qdot) + sum(inter.Qdot) | Rate of diffusion of energy from other configurations |
| Q.Continuity | zeta (from Fluid) | Data.zeta(T, v) | Continuity |
| Q.Fluidity | eta (from Fluid) | Data.eta(T, v) | Fluidity |
| Q.ResistivityThermal | theta (from Fluid) | Data.theta(T, v) | Thermal resistivity |
| Q.TimeAbsolute[n_chem] | tauprime (from Fluid) | zeros(n_chem) | Specific exchange currents |
| Q.Length[:] | kL (from Fluid) | L[cartTrans] | Effective transport length |
| Q.Current[n_trans] | I (from Fluid) | Current | |
| Q.Velocity[n_trans,Side] | phi_boundaries (from Fluid) | Normal velocities at the boundaries | |
| Q.Force[n_trans] | f (from Fluid) | Total normal translational force on pairs of boundaries | |
| Q.Force[n_trans] | minusDeltaf (from Fluid) | Dynamic and nonequilibrium compression forces | |
| Q.Density[n_trans,Side] | rho_boundaries (from Fluid) | fill(1, n_trans, 2)./Data.v_Tp(boundaries.T, boundaries.p) | Densities at the boundaries |
| Q.VolumeRate[n_trans,Side] | Vdot_boundaries (from Fluid) | boundaries.Ndot./rho_boundaries | Volume flow rates into the boundaries |
| Q.PressureAbsolute[n_trans] | q (from Fluid) | (Data.m/2)*phi.*I./Aprime | Dynamic pressure |
| Q.Velocity[n_chem,n_trans] | phi_chemical (from Fluid) | actualStream(chemical.phi) | Velocity of the chemical streams |
| Q.PotentialAbsolute[n_chem] | sT_chemical (from Fluid) | actualStream(chemical.sT) | Specific entropy-temperature product of the chemical streams |
| Q.Temperature[n_trans] | DeltaT (from Fluid) | Delta(boundaries.T) | Differences in temperatures across the boundaries |
| Q.Pressure[n_trans] | Deltap (from Fluid) | Delta(boundaries.p) | Differences in pressures across the boundaries |
| Q.Power[n_trans,Side] | Hprimedot (from Fluid) | (Data.h(boundaries.T, boundaries.p) + Data.m*phi_boundaries.^2/2).*boundaries.Ndot | Flow rates of enthalpy + kinetic energy into the boundaries |
| Q.Potential[n_trans,Side] | g_boundaries (from Fluid) | Data.g(boundaries.T, boundaries.p) | Gibbs potentials at the boundaries |
| Q.Potential[n_trans] | Deltag (from Fluid) | Delta(g_boundaries) | Differences in Gibbs potentials across the boundaries |
| Q.TimeAbsolute[n_trans] | tau_NT (from Fluid) | fill(zeta*beta*N, n_trans)./(2*Aprime) | Time constants for material transport |
| Q.TimeAbsolute[n_trans] | tau_PhiT (from Fluid) | M*eta*kL./(2*Nu_Phi[cartTrans].*Aprime) | Time constants for transverse translational transport |
| Q.TimeAbsolute[n_trans] | tau_QT (from Fluid) | (N*c_v*theta/(2*Nu_Q))*kL./Aprime | Time constants for thermal transport |
| Q.Number[n_trans] | Pe_N (from Fluid) | tau_NT.*I/N | Material Peclet numbers |
| Q.Number[n_trans] | Pe_Phi (from Fluid) | tau_PhiT.*I/N | Translational Peclet numbers |
| Q.Number[n_trans] | Pe_Q (from Fluid) | tau_QT.*I/N | Thermal Peclet numbers |
| Q.Force[n_trans,n_trans] | mphiI (from Fluid) | outerProduct(I, Data.m*phi) | Bulk rate of translational advection (1st index: transport axis, 2nd index: translational component) |
| Q.VolumeRate[n_trans] | Vdot (from Fluid) | v*I | Bulk volumetric flow rate |
| Q.Power[n_trans] | hI (from Fluid) | h*I | Bulk enthalpy flow rate |
| Q.Force[n_trans] | Ma (from Fluid) | M*(der(phi)/U.s + environment.a[cartTrans]) + N*Data.z*environment.E[cartTrans] | Acceleration force (including acceleration due to body forces) |
| Q.Force[n_trans] | f_thermo (from Fluid) | -Delta(boundaries.p).*Aprime | Thermodynamic force |
| Q.Force[n_trans] | f_AE (from Fluid) | Data.m*sum((actualStream(chemical[i].phi) - phi)*chemical[i].Ndot for i in 1:n_chem) | Acceleration force due to advective exchange |
| Q.Force[n_trans] | f_AT (from Fluid) | {sum(((if i == j then phi_boundaries[j, :] else boundaries[j, :].phi[cartWrap(cartTrans[i] - cartTrans[j])]) - {phi[i], phi[i]})*boundaries[j, :].Ndot*Data.m for j in 1:n_trans) for i in 1:n_trans} | Acceleration force due to advective transport |
| Q.Force[n_trans] | f_DT (from Fluid) | {sum(sum(if i == j then {0, 0} else boundaries[j, :].mPhidot[cartWrap(cartTrans[i] - cartTrans[j])]) for j in 1:n_trans) for i in 1:n_trans} | Shear force from other subregions (diffusive transport) |
| Q.Power | Ndere (from Fluid) | (N*T*der(Data.s(T, p)) + M*phi*der(phi))/U.s | Rate of energy storage (internal and kinetic) and boundary work at constant mass |
| Q.Power | Edot_AE (from Fluid) | sum((chemical[i].g + actualStream(chemical[i].sT) - h + (actualStream(chemical[i].phi)*actualStream(chemical[i].phi) - phi*phi)*Data.m/2)*chemical[i].Ndot for i in 1:n_chem) | Relative rate of energy (internal, flow, and kinetic) due to reactions and phase change |
| Q.Power | Edot_AT (from Fluid) | sum((Data.h(boundaries[i, :].T, boundaries[i, :].p) - {h, h} + (phi_boundaries[i, :].^2 + sum(boundaries[i, :].phi[orient].^2 for orient in Orient) - fill(phi*phi, 2))*(Data.m/2))*boundaries[i, :].Ndot for i in 1:n_trans) | Relative rate of energy (internal, flow, and kinetic) due to advective transport |
| Q.Power | Edot_DT (from Fluid) | sum(sum(boundaries[i, :].phi[orient]*boundaries[i, :].mPhidot[orient] for orient in Orient) for i in 1:n_trans) + sum(boundaries.Qdot) | Rate of diffusion of energy from other subregions |