.Modelica.Blocks.Sources.CombiTimeTable

Information

This block generates an output signal y[:] by constant, linear or cubic Hermite spline interpolation in a table. The time points and function values are stored in a matrix table[i,j], where the first column table[:,1] contains the time points and the other columns contain the data to be interpolated.

Via parameter columns it can be defined which columns of the table are interpolated. If, e.g., columns={2,4}, it is assumed that 2 output signals are present and that the first output is computed by interpolation of column 2 and the second output is computed by interpolation of column 4 of the table matrix. The table interpolation has the following properties:

• The interpolation interval is found by a binary search where the interval used in the last call is used as start interval.
• The time points need to be strictly increasing for cubic Hermite spline interpolation, otherwise monotonically increasing.
• Discontinuities are allowed for (constant or) linear interpolation, by providing the same time point twice in the table.
• Via parameter smoothness it is defined how the data is interpolated:

  smoothness = 1: Linear interpolation
             = 2: Akima interpolation: Smooth interpolation by cubic Hermite
                  splines such that der(y) is continuous, also if extrapolated.
             = 3: Constant segments
             = 4: Fritsch-Butland interpolation: Smooth interpolation by cubic
                  Hermite splines such that y preserves the monotonicity and
                  der(y) is continuous, also if extrapolated.
             = 5: Steffen interpolation: Smooth interpolation by cubic Hermite
                  splines such that y preserves the monotonicity and der(y)
                  is continuous, also if extrapolated.
             = 6: Modified Akima interpolation: Smooth interpolation by cubic
                  Hermite splines such that der(y) is continuous, also if
                  extrapolated. Additionally, overshoots and edge cases of the
                  original Akima interpolation method are avoided.
  

• First and second derivatives are provided, with exception of the following two smoothness options.
  1. No derivatives are provided for interpolation by constant segments.
  2. No second derivative is provided for linear interpolation.
     There is a design inconsistency, that it is possible to model a signal consisting of constant segments using linear interpolation and duplicated sample points. In contrast to interpolation by constant segments, the first derivative is provided as zero.
• Values outside of the table range, are computed by extrapolation according to the setting of parameter extrapolation:

  extrapolation = 1: Hold the first or last value of the table,
                     if outside of the table scope.
                = 2: Extrapolate by using the derivative at the first/last table
                     points if outside of the table scope.
                     (If smoothness is LinearSegments or ConstantSegments
                     this means to extrapolate linearly through the first/last
                     two table points.).
                = 3: Periodically repeat the table data (periodical function).
                = 4: No extrapolation, i.e. extrapolation triggers an error
  

• If the table has only one row, no interpolation is performed and the table values of this row are just returned.
• Via parameters shiftTime and offset the curve defined by the table can be shifted both in time and in the ordinate value. The time instants stored in the table are therefore relative to shiftTime.
• If time < startTime, no interpolation is performed and the offset is used as ordinate value for all outputs.
• The table is implemented in a numerically sound way by generating time events at interval boundaries, in case of interpolation by linear segments. This generates continuously differentiable values for the integrator. Via parameter timeEvents it is defined how the time events are generated:

  timeEvents = 1: Always generate time events at interval boundaries
             = 2: Generate time events at discontinuities (defined by duplicated sample points)
             = 3: No time events at interval boundaries
  

  For interpolation by constant segments time events are always generated at interval boundaries. For smooth interpolation by cubic Hermite splines no time events are generated at interval boundaries.
• Via parameter timeScale the first column of the table array can be scaled, e.g., if the table array is given in hours (instead of seconds) timeScale shall be set to 3600.
• For special applications it is sometimes needed to know the minimum and maximum time instant defined in the table as a parameter. For this reason parameters t_min/t_minScaled and t_max/t_maxScaled are provided and can be accessed from the outside of the table object. Whereas t_min and t_max define the scaled abscissa values (using parameter timeScale) in SI.Time, t_minScaled and t_maxScaled define the unitless original abscissa values of the table.

Example:

table = [0, 0;
         1, 0;
         1, 1;
         2, 4;
         3, 9;
         4, 16];
extrapolation = 2 (default), timeEvents = 2
If, e.g., time = 1.0, the output y =  0.0 (before event), 1.0 (after event)
    e.g., time = 1.5, the output y =  2.5,
    e.g., time = 2.0, the output y =  4.0,
    e.g., time = 5.0, the output y = 23.0 (i.e., extrapolation via last 2 points).

The table matrix can be defined in the following ways:

1. Explicitly supplied as parameter matrix "table", and the other parameters have the following values:

   tableName is "NoName" or has only blanks,
   fileName  is "NoName" or has only blanks.
   

2. Read from a file "fileName" where the matrix is stored as "tableName". Both text and MATLAB MAT-file format is possible. (The text format is described below). The MAT-file format comes in four different versions: v4, v6, v7 and v7.3. The library supports at least v4, v6 and v7 whereas v7.3 is optional. It is most convenient to generate the MAT-file from FreeMat or MATLAB® by command

   save tables.mat tab1 tab2 tab3
   

   or Scilab by command

   savematfile tables.mat tab1 tab2 tab3
   

   when the three tables tab1, tab2, tab3 should be used from the model.
   Note, a fileName can be defined as URI by using the helper function loadResource.
3. Statically stored in function "usertab" in file "usertab.c". The matrix is identified by "tableName". Parameter fileName = "NoName" or has only blanks. Row-wise storage is always to be preferred as otherwise the table is reallocated and transposed.

When the constant "NO_FILE_SYSTEM" is defined, all file I/O related parts of the source code are removed by the C-preprocessor, such that no access to files takes place.

If tables are read from a text file, the file needs to have the following structure ("-----" is not part of the file content):

-----------------------------------------------------
#1
double tab1(6,2)   # comment line
  0   0
  1   0
  1   1
  2   4
  3   9
  4  16
double tab2(6,2)   # another comment line
  0   0
  2   0
  2   2
  4   8
  6  18
  8  32
-----------------------------------------------------

Note, that the first two characters in the file need to be "#1" (a line comment defining the version number of the file format). Afterwards, the corresponding matrix has to be declared with type (= "double" or "float"), name and actual dimensions. Finally, in successive rows of the file, the elements of the matrix have to be given. The elements have to be provided as a sequence of numbers in row-wise order (therefore a matrix row can span several lines in the file and need not start at the beginning of a line). Numbers have to be given according to C syntax (such as 2.3, -2, +2.e4). Number separators are spaces, tab (\t), comma (,), or semicolon (;). Several matrices may be defined one after another. Line comments start with the hash symbol (#) and can appear everywhere. Text files should either be ASCII or UTF-8 encoded, where UTF-8 encoded strings are only allowed in line comments and an optional UTF-8 BOM at the start of the text file is ignored. Other characters, like trailing non comments, are not allowed in the file.

MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.

Revisions

Release Notes:

• April 09, 2013 by Thomas Beutlich:
  Implemented as external object.
• March 31, 2001 by Martin Otter:
  Used CombiTableTime as a basis and added the arguments extrapolation, columns, startTime. This allows periodic function definitions.