Thermoregulation [Benzinger1969,Hardy1961,Schreider1957] maintains the body temperature around 37degC. Heat is produced mostly by metabolismus or work of muscles [Saltin1966]. It is transported to environment[Consolazio1963] through skin, where the skin temperature depends on skin blood flow [Adolph1946,Hardy1938,Hsieh1965,Kamon1968,Pennes1948]. Body can be also heated or cooled by food or drinks [Gephart1915].
The temperature is from heat energy calculated using specific heat capacity of tissues [Burton1935,Lipkin1954].
Thermoreceptors measure the temperature throughout the body and send the signal to hypothalamic centre of termoregulation[Kelso1982,Dodt1952,Hensel1953]. Main response on hypertermia [Blatteis1997,Hart1982,Gaus1917,Consolazio1961] is skin vasodilation and sweating[Armstrong1991,Epstein1999,Latzka1999,Morimoto1998,Quinton1991,Sato1977,1989a,b], where sweat glands could suffer with fatigue[Wyndham1966]. Main responses on hypotermia [Molnar1946,Talbott1941] is skin vasoconstriction and shivering[Carlson1954,Lampietro1960]. The neural acclination are more complex and is different for short time and long time responses [Horowitz2003,Armstrong1991,Piwonka1967].
The spontaneus loss of heat is by lungs evaporization[Brabbia1957].
Temperature has effect on chemical reactions, so the metabolic processes are dependent on it [Abramson1958,Consolazio1961,Dirmi1980,Talbott1941,Matsuoka1994] as well as metabolism of leg muscle[Fink1975]. But the main problem with temperature is denaturisation of proteins at high temperature [Katschinski2004].
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| TissuesHeat | |
| Tissues | |
| BladderHeat | |
| GILumenHeat | |
| MuscleHeat | |
| SkinHeat2 | |
| Heat2 | |
| Skin | |
| Lungs | |
| Core | |
| IO_Bus | |
| Heat3 |
Author: |
Marek Matejak |
License: |
|
Date of: |
2008-2015 |
References: |
Tom Coleman: HumMod 1.6, University of Mississippi Medical Center |
Copyright © 2008-2015 Marek Matejak, Charles University in Prague.