.Physiomodel.CardioVascular .Physiomodel.CardioVascularHeart pump
Cardiac output (CO) as a mean blood flow from heart ventricle is heart rate (HR) multiplied by stroke volume (SV), where stroke volume is difference of end diastolic volume (EDV) [Gaasch1975,Carter1998] and end systolic volume (ESV) [Noda1993]. The HR and heart contractility (in the meaning of ESV) [Suga1976] can be influenced by nervus vagus (main parasympathicus autonomic neural pathway) [Xenopoulos1994], epinephrine [Collins-Nakai1994] or angiotensin II [Kumagai1994]. The most comon descriptions are pressure-volume relations [Sawaga1988] as in famous A-V fistula experiments [Guyton1961] or filling pressure experiments [Suga1974] or less invasive exercise experiments [Little1993].
There is some evidence of non-steady state behaviour of end diastolic volume, because the stroke volume is dependent on heart rate [Ross1965,Sugimoto1966].
Blood viscosity[Begg1966,Schrier1970]
Vasoconstriction [Mellander1992, Shigemi1994]
The compliance of systemic arteries is constant around normal working conditions [Roach1957].
Systemic veins [Shigemi1994,Echt1974,Gauer1956]
Muscle pump effect [Armstrong1985,Laughlin1987,Laughlin1983]
Sequestered volume [Ochsner1951,Mayerson1939,Bevegard1962,Pollack1949,Block1930,Henry1950,Thomson1928]
Kidney blood flow [Skarlatos1993,Manning1987] - effect to renal arteries [Skov1996]
-myogenic [Auckland1989,Drummond2008,Heyeraas1987]
-tubuloglomerular feedback [Moore1990,Drummond2008,Ito1990]
Splanchnic circulation [Maass-Moreno1992,Bradley1953,Bradley1952,Mitzner1974,Laine1979]
- effect of norepinephrine [Greenway1985,Laut1987]
- effect of histamine [Greenway1973]
Brain blood flow [Kety1948]
Blood Volume regulations
- hypoproteinemia [Manning1990,Manning1983]
Autoregulation of circulation
- CO on CO2 [Davidson1986]
- ,Hogan1990,Lash1987,Malo1984,Marshall1995,Metting1989,Metting1988,Weber2000,Borgström1975,Whalen1974,Frisbee2000,Berg1997,Burattini1994,POHOST1976,Archer1996,Goodman1978,Granger1976,Granger1969,Harder1996,Harder1996,Marshall1988,Frisbee2000,Kunert1996,Prewitt1976,Kuwahira1993]
RAAS and other regulations .. see hormones, nerves and drugs
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
 References | References |
 Heart | Heart Components |
 Circulation | Blood Cardio-Vascular Distribution |
 Microcirculation | Tissue vessels hydraulic conductance (=1/resistance) |
 Blood | Red Cells and Blood Properties |
 CardioVascularSystem | |
 IO_Bus |
Author: |
Marek Matejak |
License: |
|
Date of: |
2008-2015 |
References: |
Copyright © 2008-2015 Marek Matejak, Charles University in Prague.